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Sodium Chloride (Table Salt) (NaCl) — Properties, Uses & Safety
🏠 Everyday & HouseholdOverview
Common table salt, an essential mineral for human physiology and one of the most widely used food additives.
- IUPAC Name
- sodium chloride
- CAS Number
- 7647-14-5
- PubChem CID
- 5234
- Molecular Formula
- NaCl
- Molar Mass
- 58.44 g/mol
- State at STP
- solid
- Appearance
- White crystalline solid
Physical Properties
- Melting Point
- 801 °C
- Boiling Point
- 1413 °C
- Density
- 2.165 g/cm³
- Solubility in Water
- 360 g/L at 25 °C
- Specific Heat
- 0.864 J/(g·K)
- ΔH°f
- -411.12 kJ/mol
- ΔG°f
- -384.04 kJ/mol
- S°
- 72.11 J/(mol·K)
Composition
| Element | Count | Mass % |
|---|---|---|
| Na | 1 | 39.34% |
| Cl | 1 | 60.66% |
Bonding
| Bond Type | Count | Between |
|---|---|---|
| ionic | 1 | Na-Cl |
Reactions
Electrolysis of brine
2 NaCl + 2 H2O → 2 NaOH + Cl2 + H2
decompositionSilver chloride precipitation
NaCl + AgNO3 → AgCl↓ + NaNO3
double replacementExplore Sodium Chloride (Table Salt) in 3D
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